内容紹介
Development of Spiritual Care in Cancer Treatment in Japan
Summary
Spiritual care started worldwide in the late 1960s with the development of the hospice movement and death studies. Why did spiritual care start during this time in history ? In some Christian societies, of that time,“pastoral care”evolved into an interfaith“spiritual care”wherein the caretaker was the main agent instead of the caregiver. On the other hand, the importance of palliative care for cancer patients was gradually acknowledged. In addition, this progress was accompanied by the academic development of“death studies”which is called“death and life studies”in Japan. The Japanese hospice care and death studies movement started in the late 1970s. In the preceding period, the spiritual quest of cancer patients facing death was already gaining public attention. A scholar of religious studies, Hideo Kishimoto of the University of Tokyo, was diagnosed with cancer in 1954; he survived many operations until his death in 1964. During those years, he wrote about his personal experience of accepting his approaching death. Although he did not believe in any specific faith, he had studied various religious teachings. It is important to understand his perception of his own death. His book, On Facing Death, was published immediately after his death. Therefore, it provided a prominent discourse on coping with spiritual pain of approaching death even before the growth of spiritual care in Japan.
要旨
現代のスピリチュアルケアは,1960年代に始まるホスピス運動が起点となっている。では,なぜこの時期なのか。一つには従来,キリスト教圏でパストラルケアと呼ばれてきたものが,この時期に宗教・宗派の枠を越え,ケアを受ける側を主体とするスピリチュアルケアへと展開していったということだ。もう一つは,がん治療における緩和ケアの必要性がはっきり認識されるようになってきたことだ。そしてそれは死生学(death studies)という知の領域の形成と並行している。日本でも1970年代の後半からホスピスケアと死生学が広まっていくが,それに先立ってがん患者の苦悩と死を前にしたスピリチュアルな探求が関心を集めていた。宗教学者であった岸本英夫は51歳で自らがんに罹患し,手術を繰り返しながら生き延びる過程で,特定宗教をもたず,来世を信じない立場からいかにして死を受け入れることができるかについて探求を重ねた。その著書,「死を見つめる心」(1964年)は日本におけるスピリチュアルケアの興隆を先取りするような言説の1例である。
目次
Summary
Spiritual care started worldwide in the late 1960s with the development of the hospice movement and death studies. Why did spiritual care start during this time in history ? In some Christian societies, of that time,“pastoral care”evolved into an interfaith“spiritual care”wherein the caretaker was the main agent instead of the caregiver. On the other hand, the importance of palliative care for cancer patients was gradually acknowledged. In addition, this progress was accompanied by the academic development of“death studies”which is called“death and life studies”in Japan. The Japanese hospice care and death studies movement started in the late 1970s. In the preceding period, the spiritual quest of cancer patients facing death was already gaining public attention. A scholar of religious studies, Hideo Kishimoto of the University of Tokyo, was diagnosed with cancer in 1954; he survived many operations until his death in 1964. During those years, he wrote about his personal experience of accepting his approaching death. Although he did not believe in any specific faith, he had studied various religious teachings. It is important to understand his perception of his own death. His book, On Facing Death, was published immediately after his death. Therefore, it provided a prominent discourse on coping with spiritual pain of approaching death even before the growth of spiritual care in Japan.
要旨
現代のスピリチュアルケアは,1960年代に始まるホスピス運動が起点となっている。では,なぜこの時期なのか。一つには従来,キリスト教圏でパストラルケアと呼ばれてきたものが,この時期に宗教・宗派の枠を越え,ケアを受ける側を主体とするスピリチュアルケアへと展開していったということだ。もう一つは,がん治療における緩和ケアの必要性がはっきり認識されるようになってきたことだ。そしてそれは死生学(death studies)という知の領域の形成と並行している。日本でも1970年代の後半からホスピスケアと死生学が広まっていくが,それに先立ってがん患者の苦悩と死を前にしたスピリチュアルな探求が関心を集めていた。宗教学者であった岸本英夫は51歳で自らがんに罹患し,手術を繰り返しながら生き延びる過程で,特定宗教をもたず,来世を信じない立場からいかにして死を受け入れることができるかについて探求を重ねた。その著書,「死を見つめる心」(1964年)は日本におけるスピリチュアルケアの興隆を先取りするような言説の1例である。