内容紹介
Multilateral Strategies Utilizing Exosomes for Cancer Therapy
Summary
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which transfer their components such as RNA, DNA, and proteins from one cell to another cell. The components are released to the cytoplasm of the recipient cells, having an effect on the cells. Cancer-derived exosomes promote cancer progression, invasion, gain of drug resistance, and metastasis. Recently, according to their characteristics, it is expected to apply exosomes to cancer therapies, such as utilizing exosomes as drug delivery systems(DDS)for anticancer drugs and as cancer vaccines to enhance immunity to cancer cells. More, as the cancer-derived exosomes have cancer-promoting effects on multiple stages, inhibiting the function of the cancer-derived exosomes would be helpful to cancer therapies by suppressing cancer progression. DDS and cancer vaccines utilizing exosomes are now undergoing clinical studies, although DDS is suffering from loading efficiency. Treatments by inhibiting the functions of cancer-derived exosomes have still only few reports at experimental levels. Recently, we showed in a mouse model that disruption of cancer-derived exosomes by antibodies could suppress lung metastasis of the human breast cancer cells. Exosomes will provide us the multiple strategies to fight with cancer, which can be applied to cancers from many organs. It is important to confirm safety and overcome technical problems to bring exosomes in practical use.
要旨
エクソソームと呼ばれる直径100 nmほどの細胞外小胞は,ある細胞から別の細胞へ物質を受け渡しすることで相手の細胞の性質を変化させる。がん細胞が分泌するエクソソームは,周囲の細胞に作用して転移などがんの増悪を促進している。現在,エクソソームの特性を生かしたがん治療への応用として,ドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)やがんワクチンが考えられている。さらには,エクソソームががんの悪性化に深くかかわることから,がん細胞が分泌するエクソソームの機能阻害も治療の助けになると期待できる。エクソソームを応用したがんの新規治療戦略は多様な手段が考えられ,現在は一部臨床試験が行われている。実用化されるとがんに対してまったく新しく,かつ多彩な治療法を提供できると期待している。
目次
Summary
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which transfer their components such as RNA, DNA, and proteins from one cell to another cell. The components are released to the cytoplasm of the recipient cells, having an effect on the cells. Cancer-derived exosomes promote cancer progression, invasion, gain of drug resistance, and metastasis. Recently, according to their characteristics, it is expected to apply exosomes to cancer therapies, such as utilizing exosomes as drug delivery systems(DDS)for anticancer drugs and as cancer vaccines to enhance immunity to cancer cells. More, as the cancer-derived exosomes have cancer-promoting effects on multiple stages, inhibiting the function of the cancer-derived exosomes would be helpful to cancer therapies by suppressing cancer progression. DDS and cancer vaccines utilizing exosomes are now undergoing clinical studies, although DDS is suffering from loading efficiency. Treatments by inhibiting the functions of cancer-derived exosomes have still only few reports at experimental levels. Recently, we showed in a mouse model that disruption of cancer-derived exosomes by antibodies could suppress lung metastasis of the human breast cancer cells. Exosomes will provide us the multiple strategies to fight with cancer, which can be applied to cancers from many organs. It is important to confirm safety and overcome technical problems to bring exosomes in practical use.
要旨
エクソソームと呼ばれる直径100 nmほどの細胞外小胞は,ある細胞から別の細胞へ物質を受け渡しすることで相手の細胞の性質を変化させる。がん細胞が分泌するエクソソームは,周囲の細胞に作用して転移などがんの増悪を促進している。現在,エクソソームの特性を生かしたがん治療への応用として,ドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)やがんワクチンが考えられている。さらには,エクソソームががんの悪性化に深くかかわることから,がん細胞が分泌するエクソソームの機能阻害も治療の助けになると期待できる。エクソソームを応用したがんの新規治療戦略は多様な手段が考えられ,現在は一部臨床試験が行われている。実用化されるとがんに対してまったく新しく,かつ多彩な治療法を提供できると期待している。