内容紹介
Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Summary
Cancer immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer began around 1970 with nonspecific immunomodulators and cytokine therapies. This has since developed into cell therapy including lymphokine-activated killer cells(LAK)and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL), as well as cancer vaccine therapy. However, no clear indication of effectiveness has been reported. Despite the high expectation over the effectiveness of cancer vaccine therapy, the treatment strategy was deemed unsuccessful, and focus turned to the study of immune escape mechanism, which is now regarded as standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer immunotherapy has finally become a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. There are still several obstacles to overcome including the identification of a predictive biomarker for improved efficacy, as well as the establishment of multidrug or multimodality combination therapy. PD-L1 expression is currently used as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy, but does not meet the expectations of the aimed results. Although tumor mutation burden is considered another promising biomarker, there remain clinical problems, for example the need of next generation sequencer. It was reported that combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitor after chemoradiation therapy was also effective. However, it remains unclear of what is required to further improve the clinical effects. In this article, we will review the history of cancer immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and discuss the future prospects.
要旨
非小細胞肺がんに対するがん免疫療法は,1970年ごろから非特異的免疫賦活薬やサイトカイン療法に始まり,LAKやTILといった細胞療法,そしてがんワクチン療法と発展してきた。しかしその間,明らかな有効性を示したものはなかった。免疫チェックポイント阻害薬の登場により,ようやく非小細胞肺がんの標準治療にがん免疫療法が加わった。そのバイオマーカー探索や,より効果的な治療効果を求める多剤併用療法など,まだ課題は多くさらなる発展が期待される。本稿では非小細胞肺がんに対するがん免疫療法の歩みを振り返り,今後の展望について考察する。
目次
Summary
Cancer immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer began around 1970 with nonspecific immunomodulators and cytokine therapies. This has since developed into cell therapy including lymphokine-activated killer cells(LAK)and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL), as well as cancer vaccine therapy. However, no clear indication of effectiveness has been reported. Despite the high expectation over the effectiveness of cancer vaccine therapy, the treatment strategy was deemed unsuccessful, and focus turned to the study of immune escape mechanism, which is now regarded as standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer immunotherapy has finally become a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. There are still several obstacles to overcome including the identification of a predictive biomarker for improved efficacy, as well as the establishment of multidrug or multimodality combination therapy. PD-L1 expression is currently used as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy, but does not meet the expectations of the aimed results. Although tumor mutation burden is considered another promising biomarker, there remain clinical problems, for example the need of next generation sequencer. It was reported that combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitor after chemoradiation therapy was also effective. However, it remains unclear of what is required to further improve the clinical effects. In this article, we will review the history of cancer immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and discuss the future prospects.
要旨
非小細胞肺がんに対するがん免疫療法は,1970年ごろから非特異的免疫賦活薬やサイトカイン療法に始まり,LAKやTILといった細胞療法,そしてがんワクチン療法と発展してきた。しかしその間,明らかな有効性を示したものはなかった。免疫チェックポイント阻害薬の登場により,ようやく非小細胞肺がんの標準治療にがん免疫療法が加わった。そのバイオマーカー探索や,より効果的な治療効果を求める多剤併用療法など,まだ課題は多くさらなる発展が期待される。本稿では非小細胞肺がんに対するがん免疫療法の歩みを振り返り,今後の展望について考察する。