内容紹介
Summary
Genome medicine has been attracting much of attention in Japan. The combination of molecular targeting drugs and somatic mutations has been developed for cancer treatment, which was introduced clinically with evidence by cancer type. Several cancer somatic mutations can be identified in a single test inexpensively using next-generation sequencing(NGS). Drug approval not based on organs but on cancer genome analysis has been practiced mainly in the United States, and is also being implemented in Japan. However, cancer treatment strategies using molecular targeting drugs and the associated diagnosis are limited in each type of cancer. Furthermore, the benefit of NGS, which is an improved and inexpensive technique, is still insignificant in Japan. However, the clinical biobank system was initiated in 2011 to prepare the era of cancer genome medicine in our department. The quality of biological samples was strictly controlled by the standardized sampling procedures, which can be used by the researchers according to their convenience. Furthermore, the cooperative research involving commercial corporations has been started.
要旨
本邦におけるがんゲノム医療への関心が高まっている。がんの体細胞遺伝子変異などと想定される分子標的薬の組み合わせは,癌腫ごとのエビデンスとともに一部臨床導入されている。一方,next-generation sequencing(NGS)解析により一度に多数の遺伝子変異などを低コストにて同定することが可能となったが,コンパニオン診断と分子標的薬からなるがん化学療法の治療戦略は各癌腫のエビデンスは限られており,NGS解析の恩恵は十分であるとはいい難い。クリニカルバイオバンク(CB)は,標準化された手順によって採取・保存された生体試料のクオリティを担保し,詳細な診療情報と生体試料との連結を行うことが可能で,がんクリニカルシークエンス(CCS)の重要な基盤となる。CCSはわが国の企業治験の少なさ,エビデンス構築といった課題はあるものの,がんの抗がん剤治療においてより個別化を進めることによる奏効率,生存率の向上が期待できる。
目次
Genome medicine has been attracting much of attention in Japan. The combination of molecular targeting drugs and somatic mutations has been developed for cancer treatment, which was introduced clinically with evidence by cancer type. Several cancer somatic mutations can be identified in a single test inexpensively using next-generation sequencing(NGS). Drug approval not based on organs but on cancer genome analysis has been practiced mainly in the United States, and is also being implemented in Japan. However, cancer treatment strategies using molecular targeting drugs and the associated diagnosis are limited in each type of cancer. Furthermore, the benefit of NGS, which is an improved and inexpensive technique, is still insignificant in Japan. However, the clinical biobank system was initiated in 2011 to prepare the era of cancer genome medicine in our department. The quality of biological samples was strictly controlled by the standardized sampling procedures, which can be used by the researchers according to their convenience. Furthermore, the cooperative research involving commercial corporations has been started.
要旨
本邦におけるがんゲノム医療への関心が高まっている。がんの体細胞遺伝子変異などと想定される分子標的薬の組み合わせは,癌腫ごとのエビデンスとともに一部臨床導入されている。一方,next-generation sequencing(NGS)解析により一度に多数の遺伝子変異などを低コストにて同定することが可能となったが,コンパニオン診断と分子標的薬からなるがん化学療法の治療戦略は各癌腫のエビデンスは限られており,NGS解析の恩恵は十分であるとはいい難い。クリニカルバイオバンク(CB)は,標準化された手順によって採取・保存された生体試料のクオリティを担保し,詳細な診療情報と生体試料との連結を行うことが可能で,がんクリニカルシークエンス(CCS)の重要な基盤となる。CCSはわが国の企業治験の少なさ,エビデンス構築といった課題はあるものの,がんの抗がん剤治療においてより個別化を進めることによる奏効率,生存率の向上が期待できる。